The Pacific Solution as Australia Policy towards Asylum Seeker and Irregular Maritime Arrivals (IMAs) in John Howard Era

Authors

  • Hardi Alunaza International Relations Tanjungpura University
  • Ireng Maulana Iowa State University, US
  • Adityo Darmawan Sudagung Universitas Tanjungpura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v14i1.2789.61-75

Keywords:

Pacific Solution, Asylum Seeker, Irregular Maritime Arrivals

Abstract

This research is attempted to answer the question of why John Howard used the Pacific Solution as Australian policy towards Asylum Seekers and Irregular Maritime Arrivals (IMAS). By using the descriptive method with a qualitative approach, the researchers took a specific interest in decision-making theory and sovereignty concept to analyze the phenomena. The policy governing the authority of the Australian Government in the face of the Asylum Seeker by applying multiple strategies to suppress and deter IMAs. The results of this research indicate that John Howard used Pacific Solution with emphasis on three important aspects. First, eliminating migration zone in Australia. Second, building cooperation with third countries in the South Pacific, namely Nauru and Papua New Guinea in shaping the center of IMAs defense. On the other hand, Howard also made some amendments to the Migration Act by reducing the rights of refugees. Immigrants who are seen as a factor of progress and development of the State Australia turned into a new dimension that threatens economic development, security, and socio-cultural. 

References

Book

Anak Agung Banyu Perwita, P. (2007). The Management of National Border and Indonesia’s Security Problem.

Buzan, B. and Hansen, L. (2009). The Evolution of International Security Studies. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Mansbach, Richard. (2008). Introduction to Global Politics. London and New York: Routledge.

Perwita, Banyu and Yani Mohammad. (2006). Pengantar Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Bandung: Rosdakarya.

Sugiyono. (2011). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & B. Bandung : Alfabeta.

Journals, Paper Conference, and Thesis

Anonim. Asylum Seekers and the Legacy of the White Australia Policy.

Anonim. Australia Pacific Offending human dignity the Pacific Solution.

Bolger, Dawn. (2016). Race Politics: Australian Government Responses to Asylum Seekers and Refugees from White Australian to Tampa. A Thesis for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Humanities and Communication Arts. Australia: University of Western Sydney.

Cotton, James and Ravenhill, John. Middle Power Dreaming: Australian Foreign Policy during the Rudd and Gillard Government.

Elliott, Lorraine at al. (2008). Australian Foreign Policy Futures: Making Middle Power and Leadership Work. Australia: Australian National University.

Eyalama, Ichila. (2015). Australia’s Asylum Seeker Policy 2007-2015. RMIT University: School of Global Urban and Social Studies.

Flahive, Emily. National Identity Crisis: The Politics of Constructing National Identity and Mandatory Detention of Asylum Seeker in Australia and Japan.

Gibson, R, McAllister, I, and Swenson, T. (2002). The politics of race and immigration in Australia: One Nation voting in the 1998 election, Ethnic and Racial Studies.

Hasmath, Reza. (2013). Deterring the Boat People: Explaining the Australian Government’s People Swap Response to Asylum Seeker. Working Paper No. 103 Center of Migration, Policy, and Society. University of Oxford.

Jupp, J. (2002). From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration. Cambridge University Press.

Keling, M. F. (2011). The Malaysian Government’s Efforts in Managing Military and Defence Development. International Journal of Business and Social Science.

Kelly, Paul. (2002). The Race Issue in Australia’s 2001 Election: A creation of Politicians or press. Harvard College

Mcadam, Jane. (2013). Australia and Asylum Seekers. International Journal of Refugee Law Vol. 25 No. 3. Oxford University Press.

McAllister, I. (2003). Border Protection, the 2001 Australian Election and the Coalition Victory. Australian Journal of Political Science Vol. 38 No. 3.

McLean, Wayne. (2012). Power and Ideas in Australian Foreign Policy. Australia: University of Tasmania.

McNevin, A. (2010). Beyond Border Control: Rethinking Asylum and Refugee Protection in Australia and the Region. Local Global Studies in Community Sustainability, Vol. 8, Accessed October 15, 2013.

Prabaningtyas, Rizka. (2015). Dampak Kebijakan IMA Australia terhadap Hubungan Australia-Indonesia Kontemporer. Jurnal Penelitian Politik Vol. 12 No. 1 Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar.

Saul, Ben. (2012). Inquiry into Indian and Australia’s Foreign, Trade and Defense Policy. Australia: Centre for International Law.

Savitri, Taylor. The Pacific Solution or a Pacific Nightmare? The Difference Between Burden Shifting and Responsibility Sharing.

Smith, Michael and Whelan, Jacqueline. Advancing Human Security: New Strategic Thinking for Australia.

Stats, Katrina. (2015). We Will Decide Refugee and Asylum Seeker Policy during the Howard Era before Tampa. Australia: University of Adelaide.

Wrighte, Bette. Asylum Seeker and Australian Politics 1996-2007. A Master Thesis of Politics and International Studies, School of History and Politics. Australia: University of Adelaide.

Wulandari, Rahma. (2016). Bantuan Luar Negeri Australia dalam Mengatasi Krisis Ekonomi Nauru 2001-2007. Jurnal Analisis Hubungan Internasional Vol 5 No 3.

Downloads

Published

2018-05-09

How to Cite

Alunaza, H., Maulana, I., & Sudagung, A. D. (2018). The Pacific Solution as Australia Policy towards Asylum Seeker and Irregular Maritime Arrivals (IMAs) in John Howard Era. Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional, 14(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v14i1.2789.61-75