Kebijakan Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Tiongkok pada Masa Pemerintahan Xi Jinping
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v14i2.2842.217-236Keywords:
One Belt One Road (OBOR), China, National Interest, Leadership, HegemonyAbstract
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) merupakan salah satu kebijakan ambisius yang dikeluarkan Tiongkok pada masa pemerintahan Xi Jinping. BRI mencakup dua aspek yaitu the Silk Road Economic Belt dan the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. BRI merupakan proyek raksasa yang dikeluarkan Tiongkok pada masa pemerintahan Xi Jinping karena mencakup 2/3 populasi global dan 3/4 sumber energi. Tulisan ini berusaha menjawab pertanyaan tentang mengapa Tiongkok mengeluarkan kebijakan BRI dengan menggunakan perspektif neorealisme yang terdiri dari konsep kepentingan nasional, balance of power, dan hegemonic stability. Hasil temuan dalam tulisan ini terbagi ke dalam 3 alasan, yaitu (1) kepentingan Tiongkok untuk mengamankan jalur pasokan energi ke Timur Tengah dan Asia Tengah lewat kerjasama dengan negara-negara di Asia Selatan, (2) ambisi Tiongkok mengambil alih peran kepemimpinan di kawasan Asia lewat perebutan pembiayaan proyek kereta cepat dengan Jepang, (3) Tiongkok berusaha menantang hegemoni AS baik itu di bidang keamanan maupun ekonomi. Tulisan ini selanjutnya diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan komparatif bagi penelitian sejenis dan menjadi sumbangan pemikiran bagi pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan.
Kata Kunci: Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); Tiongkok; Kepentingan Nasional; Kepemimpinan; Hegemoni
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