Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional

Indonesia in Halal Tourism: Overcoming Challenges to Stay on Top

Isyana Adriani — 2024-05-31

This paper analyzes the background of Islamic tourism in Indonesia using the concept of Islamic tourism by Din (1989) and to analyze the development of halal tourism, it uses the halal concept by Liu et al. (2018). The paper looks at how the Indonesian government managed to enter the list of top ten global halal tourism destinations in 2018, got on top in 2019, only to slip several notches below due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also looks at how, by involving non-state actors such as those in the fashion and culinary industries, Indonesia has managed to climb back on top in 2023. Last but least, the paper also gives recommendations on what the government should do to maintain Indonesia’s number one position in halal tourism.

Keywords: Indonesia; halal tourism; Islamic heritage; travel; Muslim fashion

Vaccine Diplomacy as New Soft Power Effort of US in Dealing with China in Southeast Asia

Ica Cahayani — 2024-05-31

The COVID-19 pandemic and developed countries' response to the crisis reveal that the landscape of global health governance is changing into a political realm. As countries around the world struggle to secure vaccines to break the COVID-19 chain, superpowers are actively distributing vaccines internationally in an act known as "vaccine diplomacy". The US and China have shown political interests in vaccine diplomacy, which can be seen from the way the two countries respond to achieve vaccine diplomacy targets, especially in strategic countries or regions such as Southeast Asia. This article explains US vaccine diplomacy in Southeast Asia which is considered a form of containing US power against China's vaccine diplomacy which first distributed vaccines in Southeast Asian countries. The US conducts vaccine diplomacy to compete with Chinese vaccines in accordance with the relative advantages of US politics by bringing up various diplomatic actions, namely the discourse on booster vaccines. This research uses the literature review method and the concepts of vaccine diplomacy and counter-strategy diplomacy. The results showed that US vaccine diplomacy is driven by political interests. The agenda of the vaccine diplomacy visit contains a discussion of invitations to stem China's power in the Indo-Pacific and South China Sea.

Keywords: US; China; Vaccine Diplomacy; Soft Power

The Failure of Neoliberalism and the Free Market in Cryptocurrencies: A Case Study of South Korea's Role in the Crash of Terra Luna (LUNA)

Ancellmus Mario Taruliasi — 2024-05-31

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the failure of implementing neoliberalism and free market principles in cryptocurrencies, focusing on South Korea's response to the collapse of LUNA. Despite the promise of decentralization and peer-to-peer transactions inherent in cryptocurrencies, the collapse of LUNA highlights the limitations of unfettered market dynamics in ensuring stability and security. Using a qualitative research approach, this study examines the case of LUNA's collapse within the framework of neoliberal and free market concepts. Drawing on secondary sources such as articles, news, and internet sites, the research sheds light on the complexities of regulating decentralized financial systems. The findings reveal that the South Korean government intervened in the cryptocurrency market following the LUNA collapse to prevent similar incidents and establish regulatory frameworks for crypto assets. This intervention underscores the need for government oversight to maintain market stability and protect investors in the face of market volatility and manipulation. Furthermore, the study discusses the broader implications of these findings for cryptocurrency regulation and neoliberal economic policies. By examining the tensions between decentralized finance and neoliberal principles, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolving relationship between government intervention and market dynamics in the cryptocurrency ecosystem. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of regulatory oversight in safeguarding the integrity of cryptocurrency markets and ensuring the long-term sustainability of decentralized financial systems.

Keywords: cryptocurrency; Luna; South Korea; neoliberalism; free market

Rasionalisasi Perang Dagang Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok Ditinjau dari Teori “Chicken Game”

Tino Rila Sebayang — 2024-05-31

This paper focuses on discussing the rationalization of the Trade War between the United States (US) and China from 2018 to 2022. The US and China action in the trade war were widely recognized as irrational, and given the negative impact on trade balance in both. The argument in this paper aims to prove that the protectionist policies of the both countries constitute a rational foreign economic strategic policy. The theory used to justify the aspect of rationality both uses Game Theory, namely the Chicken Game. On the other hand, the orientation of the Foreign Policy of the two countries which is considered rational, will be emphasized by the parameters of Cost and Benefit, by looking at the political motives being pursued for national interests by the US and China in the International Political Economy order. The methodology used in this paper is descriptive analysis, with a qualitative approach. The ideas to build arguments in this paper using previous literature reviews, with the narrative literature review method, according to relevant topics of discussion, concepts, and theories. On the other hand, as a justification for strengthening the parameters of the benefits of the both countries in the context of a trade war, this paper uses the Hegemonic Stability theory as benefit orientation for the US, as well as the Modified Structural theory from China's benefit perspectives.

Keyword: Trade War; Cost and Benefit; Protectionism; Chicken Game; Foreign Economic Policy

Strategi Tiongkok dalam Memanfaatkan Momentum Kebijakan Larangan Ekspor Bijih Nikel oleh Pemerintah Indonesia

M Roehman Zainur Riedho — 2024-05-31

The Indonesian government has enforced a prohibition on nickel ore exports since 2020. This study aims to illuminate China's strategic approach in capitalizing on this situation. China's strategy aligns its national interests with the domestic demand for nickel. Analytically, the framework of national interests sheds light on how Indonesia and China collaborate to satisfy their respective priorities mutually. China requires nickel supplies from Indonesia and seeks Chinese investment for Indonesia's nickel downstream initiatives. Employing a descriptive qualitative research design, this study draws upon secondary data sources to examine Chinese companies operating in Indonesia. While not all companies have websites, the research reveals that China leverages the momentum created by Indonesia's nickel export tires by investing in and expanding joint ventures with Chinese enterprises. China secures profits through these investments and business expansions while meeting its domestic nickel demand via imports from Indonesia. These joint ventures operate in industrial zones designated by the Indonesian government and are often funded by Chinese banks. This strategic interplay serves as a political tool for the Chinese government, leveraging its economic power and capital for broader national interests. Simultaneously, Indonesia wields its control over the world's largest nickel reserves to attract Chinese companies to invest in the nickel processing and refining sector within its borders.

Keywords: Indonesia; National Interest; Tiongkok; Nickel; Export ban

Reviewing the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Indonesia Through President Jokowi's Visit to South Africa in 2023

Rivaldi Zakie Indrayana — 2024-05-31

In August 2023, President Joko Widodo visited several African countries i.e. The Republic of Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania, The Republic of Mozambique and The Republic of South Africa. It was his first visit to Africa during his term since 2014. While the visit covered four African countries, this article discusses only his visit to South Africa where he attended the BRICS forum. In particular this article focuses on Indonesia’s multilateral diplomacy in the BRICS’ forum, the position of Indonesia in the global political stage and its role both at the global and regional levels. Despite Indonesia not yet becoming a member of BRICS, its presence in the BRICS forum in South Africa in 2023 shows that Indonesia’s position in the global political stage has been increasing. Moreover, the presence also opened an opportunity for Indonesia to establish the new direction of its foreign policy and diplomacy not only among BRICS member states but also with South Africa and other African countries for achieving the objective and interest of global in the future was very dynamic in everytime.

Keywords: President Joko Widodo; Indonesia; South Africa; Africa; BRICS