Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional

Ancaman Perdamaian di Venezuela Akibat Kemerosotan Demokrasi Pada Masa Pemerintahan Nicolas Maduro

Al Dina Maulidya — 2025-01-28

This paper aims to describe the threat to peace in Venezuela, which occurred during the reign of Nicolas Maduro. The urgency of this research is the deterioration of democracy that occurred in Venezuela after Chavez left. Maduro is the president who was elected to replace Chavez in 2013. Political and economic instability, as well as the decline of democracy, have posed a threat to peace in Venezuela. This research is a descriptivequalitative study, with data using a library study. The Kantian triangle, which is part of Immanuel Kant's democratic peace theory, will be an analytical tool in this research. The Kantian Triangle determines three factors to achieve peace in democracy, namely: (1) democracy, (2) the existence of dependence between countries, and (3) state interactions in the international arena. The result of this research shows that Venezuela is not able to fulfill the three existing factors. First, the erosion of democratic values in the country. Second, dependence on other countries is difficult to materialize. This is because Maduro's policies are detrimental to investors, and the many humanitarian issues in Venezuela. The bad image of Maduro's government makes it difficult to maintain good relations with other countries. Third, although active in the United Nations, Venezuela continues to carry out the rules and principles of the organization. The failure to fulfill the three factors in the Kantian Triangle can pose a threat to peace in Venezuela.

Keywords: Threat of Peace, Democratic Deterioration, Nicolas Maduro, Venezuela.

International Cooperation and Indonesia’s Geopolitical Perspective in Indo-Pacific

Hesti Rosdiana — 2025-01-28

This paper emphasizes the analysis of Indonesia's geopolitical perspective through international cooperation that is part of Indonesia's geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific region. The results of this paper explain that Indonesia's geopolitical interests cannot be separated from the importance of building mutual trust, as well as regional development through international cooperation for global interests. In other words, regional development through international cooperation will increase regional stability so as to encourage various economic, political and security activities that not only reduce political friction, but also provide strategic advantages for every actor who has an interest in the Indo-Pacific.

Keywords: Indonesia, Geopolitics, Indo-Pacific, international cooperation

Singapore Government Securitization Measures against Transboundary Haze Pollution as a Non-Traditional Security Threat

Muhammad Ramli — 2025-01-28

Transboundary haze pollution (PALB) has developed into a critical concern for Southeast Asian countries in terms of transboundary issues and national security. This study aims to provide an understanding of the non-traditional threats that have become significant in front of countries, to demonstrate that the PALB issue is worthy of being included in the Non-Traditional Security (KNT) study, to provide an in-depth analysis of how the securitization transformation process has affected PALB issues in Singapore, to correlate the involvement of various actors in the ongoing securitization process, and to evaluate. This research uses a qualitative methodology to connect one variable to another in a direct and constructive manner, drawing on a broad theoretical foundation, most notably constructivism. It can be inferred that the government possesses complete authority to secure the smog issue. The community's response is critical in determining the success of haze securitization. Additionally, mass media and social media play a critical role in channeling popular opinion.

Keywords: existential threat; securitization policy; constructivism approach; transboundary haze pollution; speech act

Money Laundering Practices and Singapore’s Steps Against Indonesian Tax Amnesty

Septyanto Galan Prakoso — 2025-01-28

Singapore is a country that implements a foreign direct investment policy to advance its economy. The implementation of those policies is classified as a two-pronged sword because it also ensures the privacy and security of corrupt money investments from other countries. Because of this, many Indonesian citizens are involved in money laundering through investments in Singapore. There were cases of money laundering with the value reaching at least Rp 9,427 trillion Indonesian money in Singapore in 2016 alone. The question is why Singapore tried to mute and undermine Indonesian tax amnesty? The purpose of this paper is to find the causes of the problem. Theory and the concept that will be used by the writer are Foreign Direct Investment Theory by David K. Eitemen and Money Laundering Concept itself. This paper uses an explanative qualitative method, and a literature study to obtain the data to strengthen this paper. Based on the case and the problem, the author concluded that the economy of Singapore will be threatened by the Indonesian Tax Amnesty policy, although not majorly, considering that even though they are a country of investment, they have a strong economy, to begin with.