Jurnal Sentris

Peace Education Programme in Kenya and UNICEF’s Reinforcement

Yosephine Michelle Rasari — 2024-03-18

As a region prone to conflict, an Introduction to peace is mainly essential for Kenya. The government projects that education can build a peaceful Kenya. As a result, the government is allocating an amount of budget to improve education in Kenya especially in eradicating violence and maintaining peace – especially, post-election violence and sexual abuse. The government has also adopted a UNICEF program, the Peace Education Program (PEP). The government's ambition is limited to designing a system that is only effective in some areas. Therefore, UNICEF complements the government’s effort to carry out policies of a peaceful education system and conduct action research. The efforts coming from the cooperation between UNICEF and the Kenyan government will also be adjusted to the Neoliberal institutionalism theory. This theory is essential to adjust the role of UNICEF in empowering and assisting the Kenyan government while Kenya still upholds its own interests. This paper will mainly focus on the research of the Peace Education Program in Kenya and how UNICEF assist and support its implementation.

Keywords: Peace Education Program (PEP);Kenya; Children; UNICEF

Peluang Indonesia sebagai Ketua ASEAN Tahun 2023 dalam Mempromosikan Penggunaan Local Currency Settlement dan QR Code Lintas Batas terkait Transaksi Perdagangan di Asia Tenggara

Jason Fernando — 2024-03-18

This research aims to explain that Indonesia plays an important role in promoting the use of Local Currency Settlement and Cross-Border QR Code while holding the ASEAN chairmanship position in 2023. Local Currency Settlement functions to settle bilateral transactions between countries in one Southeast Asian region using the currencies of each of these countries. The presence of the LCS was motivated by high global inflation due to geopolitical tensions and rising US Dollar interest rates, so that this situation became an opportunity for ASEAN member countries to use local currencies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the efficiency of the LCS as a method of trade transactions in the Southeast Asia region in strengthening economic integration and reducing dependence on the US Dollar. Even the LCS is the main instrument that has the impact of strengthening currency stability in the Southeast Asian countries themselves, making export-import activities easier for each other, and creating ease in the process of foreign capital inflows into the region. In addition, Indonesia also bears more responsibility in dealing with obstacles to the promotion and use of the Cross-border QR Code as a technology that will facilitate local currency transactions for ASEAN, which is expected to be carried out properly through the systems and strategies that have been designed. In this research using qualitative analysis methods, as well as the theory of integration of economic areas according to Van Niekerk related to Indonesia's role in promoting the efficiency of LCS and Cross-border QR Code in ASEAN. This research concludes that Indonesia invites every ASEAN member to use this LCS, because it will create conditions in accordance with the theme of the 2023 ASEAN Summit, where Southeast Asia has the potential to become the epicentrum of regional economic growth from now on into the future.

Keywords: ASEAN; digital economy; Indonesia; Local Currency Settlement; cross-border QR Code

Motivasi dan Apropriasi Taktik: Studi Kasus Kelompok Abu Sayyaf di Filipina

Salismi Zulfi Maulidita — 2024-03-18

Terrorism, like other forms of criminal activities, undergoes continual adaptation in response to societal changes and the passage of time. Recent studies have begun to explore the evolving nature of criminal activities conducted by terrorist groups that concurrently function as multinational crime syndicates, often referred to as ‘crime-terrorism.’ In this particular study applied the crime-terrorism framework by Rollins and Wyler, with a specific focus on the Abu Sayyaf Group as the subject of analysis. This paper delves into the Abu Sayyaf Group's motivation for transitioning into a crime-terrorist organization and examines the tactics employed by the group in carrying out their operations. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology aligned with the principles established by John W. Creswell, this study elucidates two significant findings: (1) the Abu Sayyaf Group's motivation for engaging in organized crime is primarily driven by the need to sustain its operations and support its members' livelihoods since the external funding sources is disrupted; and (2) the tactics practiced by the Abu Sayyaf Group include bomb attacks, kidnappings, extortion, and the provision of security for illicit activities such as the cultivation and trade of illegal cannabis.

Keywords: Abu Sayyaf Group; Terrorism; Transnational Crime; Crime-Terrorism

Keketuaan ASEAN dan Potensi Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Penyelesaian Konflik di Myanmar

Wan Nur Ain — 2024-03-18

As the highest decision holder of ASEAN for the next year, Indonesia must be able to address challenges in the region, including the Myanmar conflict that still heating up. The five consensus agreed by ASEAN in 2021 as a peaceful effort in Myanmar, still seem weak to sustain peace. Similar conditions were also experienced by Indonesia in 1976-2005, namely the conflict between the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and Indonesia which was successfully reconciled through the Helsinki MoU agreement initiated by Vice President Jusuf Kalla and mediated by Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari, representatives of the European Union and ASEAN members. This article aims to explain how Indonesia can utilize its diplomatic potential in facilitating peace for Myanmar in the era of its chairmanship of ASEAN, by reflecting on Indonesia's success in the conflict between GAM and Indonesia. This article uses the literature research method by using journal articles, reports, government legislation and international organizations that have been published through their official websites. The findings presented by the author are that Indonesia should be able to take advantage of its position as chair of ASEAN by optimizing diplomacy through the widest possible dialogue in resolving the Myanmar conflict, as happened in Aceh.

Keywords: ASEAN; Indonesia; Myanmar; Consensus; Diplomacy

- Meninjau Keuntungan dan Tantangan Indonesia Selaku Ketua ASEAN Summit 2023 atas Kerja Sama IMT-GT dalam Kaitan BRI (Belt and Road Initiative)

Theresia Kariani Yolin — 2024-03-18

IMT and BRI is international collaboration that aim to improve the economic growth and connectivity. The background of this study to review opportunity and challenge Indonesia as a corporation country with IMT-GT and BRI, also its position as ASEAN Summit Leader 2023. Globalization crate corporation and dependency between countries increasingly unavoidable, so this openness give the opportunity and challenge to country and organization. Establish the BRI Program make a challenge to ASEAN direct or according IMT-GT corporation as a collaboration three country of ASEAN. China as one economic hegemony of the world now according BRI program give the impact to capacity and connectivity area. The purpose of this study to review impact BRI police to IMT-GT corporation which have chance to improve accessibility area to economic growth according goal of IMT-GT. But BRI position also can make the challenge to IMT-GT like dependency to China as also possible make big impact to quality IMT-GT corporation. This study using qualitative analysis method with secondary data. The study shows BRI possible give impact to ASEAN country relation, dependency to China, and capacity connectivity ASEAN area.

Keywords: IMT-GT; BRI; Efektivitas Kawasan; Connectivity

Pengaruh Atribut Nasional terhadap Kebijakan Cina Bersengketa dengan Jepang di Kepulauan Diaoyu/Senkaku

Christoforus Karang — 2024-03-18

The dispute between China and Japan over administrative control of Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands raises a question about the intention of China with its confrontative foreign policy. China's foreign policy is often difficult to understand clearly largely because of its ambiguity in determining the appropriate instruments to fight for its interests. China's foreign policy in regards to its dispute with Japan over Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands should not have been implemented because of China's membership and ratification of UNCLOS back in 1996. By using the qualitative method along with the National Attribute theory by Valerie Hudson, it was found that China's confrontative foreign policy was based of the fact that China has an advantage on the aspects of its national attribute, mainly on its natural resources, economic and military capabilities.

Keywords: Diaoyu; Senkaku; Cina; Jepang; Atribut Nasional