PENGARUH STRES TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS DENGAN BURNOUT SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI DAN QUALITY OF WORK LIFE SEBAGAI PEMEDIASI PADA UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK PARAHYANGAN

Authors

  • Wych Dewangga PT Miyatani Arcarya Indonesia, BANDUNG

Keywords:

Stress of Work, Quality of Work Life (QWL), Productivity, Burnout, Prototype

Abstract

Pada awal tahun 2020, Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyatakan virus corona (COVID-19) sebagai wabah yang menjadi perhatian khusus di bidang kesehatan dalam skala internasional. Transisi normatif ini menyebabkan stres, kecemasan, burnout, dan depresi, yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas dan Quality of Work Life (QWL) seseorang.  Dalam penelitian ini, sektor yang menjadi fokus penelitian adalah sektor pendidikan dari perspektif non-mahasiswa di tingkat Universitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh stres kerja terhadap QWL dan produktivitas dengan burnout sebagai variabel moderatornya, serta membuat perangkat lunak yang dapat mengidentifikasi secara cepat hasil pengukuran, agar dapat memberikan feedback untuk pengambil keputusan atau pimpinan ditempat kerja. Data primer yang digunakan berupa kuesioner  dan wawancara , serta data sekunder yang digunakan berupa data literatur yang digunakan untuk mendukung data primer. Pengumpulan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling terdahap beberapa tenaga pendidik dan dosen di institusi pendidikan tingkat Universitas. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa responden produktif lebih baik selama kebiasaan baru, dan kualitas pekerjaannya bisa dikatakan baik. Namun, mereka cukup kelelahan dengan standar baru yang fleksibel dan berubah mengikuti perkembangan kondisi saat ini.

References

Achenbach, J. (2020). Coronavirus is harming the mental health of tens of millions of people in the U.S., a new poll finds. Retrieved September 7, 2021, from Washington Post website: https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/coronavirus-is-harming-the-mental-health-of-tens-of-millions-of-people-in-us-new-poll-finds/2020/04/02/565e6744-74ee-11ea-85cb-8670579b863d_story.html

Achour, M., Khalil, S. B. A., Ahmad, B. B., Nor, M. R. M., & Yusoff, M. Y. Z. B. M. (2017). Management and supervisory support as a moderator of work – family demands and women's well-being A case study of Muslim female academicians in Malaysia. Humanomics, 33(3), 335–356. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-02-2017-0024

Akter, N., Akkadechanunt, T., Chontawan, R., & Klunklin, A. (2017). Factors predicting quality of work life among nurses in tertiary-level hospitals, Bangladesh. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12401

Anand, N., Sharma, M. K., Ahuja, S., Thakur, P. C., Mondal, I., Singh, P., … Venkateshan, S. (2020). Digital Burnout : COVID ‑ 19 Lockdown Mediates Excessive Technology Use Stress. World Social Psychiatry, 2(2), 171–172. https://doi.org/10.4103/WSP

Andarini, E. (2018). ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB BURNOUT SYNDROME DAN JOB SATISFACTION PERAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT PETROKIMIA GRESIK.

Andika, R., Widjarnako, B., & Ahmad, R. (2019). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Persaingan Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Melalui Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Pegawai Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan. Jurnal Manajemen Tools, 11(1), 1689–1699.

Anjum, A., Ming, X., Siddiqi, A. F., & Rasool, S. F. (2018). An Empirical Study Analyzing Job Productivity in Toxic Workplace Environments. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15051035

Ansari M.S., F., Lestantyo, D., & Kurniawan, B. (2018). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Stres Kerja Pada Karyawan Bagian Kepesertaan Di Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (Bpjs) Kesehatan Ungaran. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (e-Journal), 6(4), 292–299.

Bachri, B. S. (2010). MEYAKINKAN VALIDITAS DATA MELALUI TRIANGULASI PADA PENELITIAN KUALITATIF. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 10(1), 46–62.

Bakhmat, L., Babakina, O., & Belmaz, Y. (2021). Assessing online education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of lecturers in Ukraine. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1840(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1840/1/012050

Blake, H., Bermingham, F., Johnson, G., & Tabner, A. (2020). Mitigating the psychological impact of covid-19 on healthcare workers: A digital learning package. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17092997

Boamah, S. A., & Laschinger, H. (2016). The influence of areas of work-life fit and work-life interference on burnout and turnover intentions among new graduate nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 24. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12318

Bosak, J., Kilroy, S., Chênevert, D., & C Flood, P. (2021). Examining the role of transformational leadership and mission valence on burnout among hospital staff. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 8(2), 208–227. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-08-2020-0151

Bragard, I., Dupuis, G., & Fleet, R. (2015). Quality of work life, burnout, and stress in emergency department physicians: A qualitative review. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 22(4), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000194

Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Walkem, K., Young, S., & Bywaters, D. (2020). Purposive sampling : complex or simple ? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206

Caponnetto, P., Magro, R., Inguscio, L., & Cannella, M. C. (2018). Quality of life, work motivation, burn-out, and stress perceptions benefits of a stress management program by autogenic training for emergency room staff: A pilot study. Mental Illness, 10(2), 67–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/mi.2018.7913

CDC, C. for D. C. and P. (2022). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Retrieved January 17, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.htm

Dewangga, W. (2018). Sudoku Solver Berbasis Sistem Multi Agen. West Java.

Diana, E., & Rofiki, M. (2020). ANALISIS METODE PEMBELAJARAN EFEKTIF DI ERANEW NORMAL. Jurnal ReviewPendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 3, 336–342. Retrieved from http://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/jrpp/article/view/1356

El Badawy, T. A., Chinta, R., & Magdy, M. M. (2018). Does ‘gender’ mediate or moderate the relationship between ‘quality of work life’ and ‘organizational commitment’?: Evidence from SMEs in Egypt. Gender in Management, 33(4), 332–348. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2017-0050

Endah, Y. (2010). PENGARUH KUALITAS KEHIDUPAN KERJA (QUALITY OF WORK LIFE) TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN KANTOR KECAMATAN BRINGIN KABUPATEN NGAWI (Vol. 2). FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA.

Executive Learning Institiute, P. M. (2022). Kendala selama WFH yang Perlu Diatasi oleh Perusahaan. Retrieved September 16, 2022, from https://prasmul-eli.co/id/articles/Kendala-selama-WFH-yang-Perlu-Diatasi-oleh-Perusahaan

Fajriah, W. (2020). 5 Masalah yang Sering Terjadi saat WFH, Apa Anda Pernah Mengalaminya? Retrieved from lifestyle.okezone.com website: https://lifestyle.okezone.com/read/2020/09/16/612/2278569/5-masalah-yang-sering-terjadi-saat-wfh-apa-anda-pernah-mengalaminya

Fitri, A. M. (2013). ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN STRES KERJA PADA KARYAWAN BANK (Studi pada Karyawan Bank BMT). Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 2(April), 1–9. Retrieved from http://ejournals1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkm%0AANALISIS

Furadantin, N. R. (2018). Analisis data menggunakan aplikasi smartpls v.3.2.7 2018. Palangka Raya.

George, J. M., & Jones, G. R. (2012). UNDERSTANDING and MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR (Sixth Edit; S. Yagan, Ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education.

Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Konsep, Teknik, dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Smart PLS 3.0 Untuk Penelitian Empiris (2nd ed.). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Harahap, L. K. (2016). Analysis SEM ( Structural Equation Modelling ) Dengan SMARTPLS ( Partial Least Square ) Oleh : (1).

Hemmings, J., Collin, C., Ganz, J. G., Lazyan, M., & Black, A. (2018). HOW PSYCHOLOGY WORKS (First Amer; J. Hemmings & K. Hennessy, Eds.). New York: Dorling Kindersley.

Hermawati, A. (2021). THE INFLUENCE OF QUALITY OF WORK-LIFE AND COMPENSATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE (STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION IN PASURUAN REGENCY). Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20, 1–12. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/influence-quality-work-life-compensation-on/docview/2568313437/se-2?accountid=31495

Hermawati, A., & Mas, N. (2017). Mediation effect of quality of work-life, job involvement, and organizational citizenship behavior in the relationship between transglobal leadership to employee performance. International Journal of Law and Management, 59(6), 1143–1158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-08-2016-0070

Hidayati, R., Purwanto, Y., & Yuwono, S. (2015). KECERDASAN EMOSI, STRES KERJA DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Gunadarma, 8(1), 100337. https://doi.org/10.35760/psi

Irawanto, D. W., Novianti, K. R., & Roz, K. (2021). Work from home: Measuring satisfaction between work–life balance and work stress during the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Economies, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030096

Irawati, D. Y., & Jonatan, J. (2020). Evaluasi Kualitas Pembelajaran Online Selama Pandemi Covid-19: Studi Kasus di Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Darma Cendika. Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Industri, 9(2), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.26593/jrsi.v9i2.4014.135-144

Irwansyah, D., Bakhtiar, & Zulmiardi. (2017). Measurement of Study Productivity and Evaluation Analysis by using the American Productivity Center ( APC ) Model at a Palm Oil Factory ( Pks PT . Syaukath Sejahtera ). 1, 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-793-1-00084

Ishak, M., & Mangundjaya, W. L. (2020). Pengelolaan stres dan peningkatan produktivitas kerja selama work from home pada masa pandemi covid-19. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 7(2), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.24843/JPU.2020.v07.i02.p.09

Jurádo-gámez, B., Guglielmi, O., & Gude-Sampedro, F. (2015). Effect of CPAP therapy on job productivity and psychosocial occupational health in patients with moderate to severe sleep apnea. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-015-1162-6

Kalanlar, B., Akcay, D., & Karabay, I. (2020). Assessing the correlation between the quality of working life and perceived stress in a rehabilitation hospital. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/WWOP-04-2020-0013

Kara, D., Kim, H. (Lina), Lee, G., & Uysal, M. (2017). The Moderating Effects of Gender and Income between Leadership and Quality of Work Life (QWL). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2016-0514

Karima, A. (2014). FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STRESS KERJA PADA PEKERJA DI PT X TAHUN 2014 (Vol. 3). Retrieved from http://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/equilibrium/article/view/1268/1127

Kemdikbud, B. P. dan P. B. K. P. K. R. dan T. R. I. (2016). KBBI Daring. Retrieved from https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/Cari/Index

Lamprinou, V. D. I., Tasoulis, K., & Kravariti, F. (2021). The impact of servant leadership and perceived organizational and supervisor support on job burnout and work – life balance in the era of teleworking and COVID-19. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(7), 1071–1088. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-12-2020-0526

Larsson, R., & Rudberg, M. (2021). Effects of weather conditions on concrete work task productivity – a questionnaire survey. Construction Innovation, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-02-2021-0012

Leitão, J., Pereira, D., & Gonçalves, Â. (2019). Quality of Work Life and Organizational Performance: Workers’ Feelings of Contributing, or Not, to the Organization’s Productivity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203803

Leitão, J., Pereira, D., & Gonçalves, Â. (2021). Quality of Work Life and Contribution to Productivity: Assessing the Moderator Effects of Burnout Syndrome. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2425. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052425

Lienbert, M. A. (2020). Digital physician burnout in the “ new normal ” workplace. Journal of Endourology, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2020.0631

Lipley, N. (2020). COVID-19: not a ‘mental health crisis’, healthcare experts warn. Retrieved September 7, 2021, from https://rcni.com/nursing-standard/newsroom/news/covid-19-not-a-mental-health-crisis-healthcare-experts-warn-159611

Low, A., & McCraty, R. (2018). Emerging dynamics of workplace stress of employees in a large organization in Hong Kong. Public Administration and Policy, 21(2), 134–151. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAP-10-2018-008

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2022). MIT App Inventor: About Us. Retrieved September 20, 2022, from https://appinventor.mit.edu/about-us

Mebarki, B., El, M., Ahmed, A., & Mokdad, M. (2019). Quality of Work Life and differences in demographic characteristics among managerial staff in Algerian tertiary sector. 62, 435–442. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-192879

Min, Z., Xinxin, Z., & Jieming, Q. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update Min. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 24(8), 4585–4596. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202004_21045

Mondy, R. W., & Martocchio, J. J. (2016). Human Resource Management (Fourteenth; D. Luiz, Ed.). England: Pearson Education.

Mourougane, A., & Kim, E. J. (2020). Boosting productivity in the United Kingdom's service sectors. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, (1629). https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/78f4022e-en

Muda, F. S., Ummi, N., & Wahyuni, N. (2017). Pengaruh Quality Of Work Life (QWL) Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)(Studi Kasus: PT. Krakatau Tirta Industri). Jurnal Teknik Industri Untirta, 5(2).

Muslim, M. (2020). Moh . Muslim : Manajemen Stress pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 ” 193. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 23(2), 192–201.

Nigade, J. J., & Bhola, S. S. (2016). Relationship between Work-Life Balance, Quality of Work Life and Quality of Life of Women Working in Service Industry. (July), 28–45.

Piccioli, M. (2019). Educational research and Mixed Methods. Research designs, application perspectives, and food for thought. 6981, 423–438. https://doi.org/10.13128/ssf-10815

Pujiwati, A., & Susanty, E. (2017). ANALISIS FAKTOR- FAKTOR STRESSOR TERHADAP STRES KERJA DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN KEMENTERIAN KEUANGAN. Fakultas Ekonomi Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Terbuka, XXI(01), 104–119. Retrieved from http://www.ecojoin.org/index.php/EJM/article/viewFile/150/147

Purwanto, A. (2020). Studi Eksplorasi Dampak Work From Home(WFH) Terhadap Kinerja Guru Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2, 92–100.

Rachman, S. B. P. (2018). FAKTOR DETERMINAN TERHADAP STRES KERJA PADA PEKERJA BAGIAN PRODUKSI DI PT. INDOGRAVURE (Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta). Retrieved from http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/37762

Raeissi, P., Rajabi, M. R., Ahmadizadeh, E., Rajabkhah, K., & Kakemam, E. (2019). Quality of work life and factors associated with it among nurses in public hospitals, Iran. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 94(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42506-019-0029-2

Rastogi, M., Rangnekar, S., & Rastogi, R. (2018). Enhancing quality of work life in India: the role of workplace flexibility. Industrial and Commercial Training, 50(5), 234–249. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-10-2017-0086

Salcedo‐lagos, P., Morales‐candia, S., Fuentes‐riffo, K., Rivera‐robles, S., & Sanhueza‐campos, C. (2021). Teachers’ perceptions analysis on students’ emotions in virtual classes during covid19 pandemic: A lexical availability approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116413

Salehi, M., Seyyed, F., & Farhangdoust, S. (2020). The impact of personal characteristics, quality of working life and psychological well-being on job burnout among Iranian external auditors. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 23(3), 189–205. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-09-2018-0104

Salindr, D. W. E. S. (2021). Pengaruh Quality of Work-Life Sebagai Wujud Kesehatan Mental Karyawan dengan Keterikatan Kerja di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Psikologi, (April), 192–200.

Sari, D. L., Storyna, H., Intan, R., Sinaga, P., Fergyanto, E., Asrol, M., & Redi, A. A. N. P. (2021). The effect of job stress on employee performance : A case study of the manufacturing industry in Indonesia. 4th International Conference on Eco Engineering Development 2020, 794, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/794/1/012085

Schmidt, M., & Hansson, E. (2018). Doctoral students’ well-being: a literature review. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2018.1508171

Semeijn, J., Van Ruysseveldt, J., Vonk, G., & van Vuuren, T. (2019). In-flight again with wings that were once broken; effects of post-traumatic growth and personal resources on burnout recovery. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 12(5), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-01-2019-0006

Shakeri, F., Foroozan, A., Varzeshnejad, M., Cisic, R. S., & Oomen, B. (2021). Correlation between Ethical Intelligence, Quality of Work Life and Caring Behaviour of Paediatric Nurses. Wiley, NursingOpen, (November 2020), 1168–1174. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.729

Silva, V. S. e, Hornby, L., Almost, J., Lotherington, K., Appleby, A., Silva, A. R., … Dhanani, S. (2020). Burnout and compassion fatigue among organ and tissue donation coordinators: a scoping review. BMJ Open, 10(12). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040783

Simarmata, R. M. (2020). PENGARUH WORK FROM HOME TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS DOSEN POLITEKNIK NEGERI AMBON. 02(01), 73–82.

Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D. (2017). Work-Life Balance : an Integrative Review. Springer, (July 2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-017-9509-8

Solanki, S., & Mandaviya, M. (2021). Does Gender Matter? Job Stress, Work-Life Balance, Health and Job Satisfaction among University Teachers in India. Journal of International Woman’s Studies, 22(7), 121–135.

Supardi. (1993). Populasi Dan Sampel Penelitian. UNISIA, (April 1952), 100–108.

Tangchareonsamut, J., Wongrathanandha, C., Khamsee, S., & Aekplakorn, W. (2021). Association of work performance with absenteeism and presenteeism among support workers in a medical school hospital, Thailand. Journal of Health Research, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-01-2021-0045

The American Institute of Stress. (2020). Workplace Stress Are you experiencing workplace stress? Retrieved August 22, 2021, from https://www.stress.org/workplace-stress/

Trougakos, J. P., & Mccarthy, J. M. (2020). Working in a Pandemic: Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 Health Anxiety on Work, Family, and Health Outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(11), 1234–1245. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000739.supp

Turner, T. B., Dilley, S. E., Smith, H. J., Huh, W. K., Modesitt, S. C., Rose, S. L., … Straughn, J. M. (2017). Gynecologic Oncology The impact of physician burnout on the clinical and academic productivity of gynecologic oncologists : A decision analysis ☆. Gynecologic Oncology, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.06.026

Voordt, T. Van Der, & Jensen, P. A. (2021). The impact of healthy workplaces on employee satisfaction, productivity, and costs. Journal of Corporate Real Estate. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRE-03-2021-0012

Wahyuni, N., Febianti, E., & Satriadi, R. (2021). Pengukuran Quality of Work Life dan Produktivitas pada Masa Pandemi (Studi Kasus: Dosen Wanita Untirta). Journal of Integrated System, 4(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.28932/jis.v4i1.3058

WHO. (2020). Mental Health and Psychosocial Considerations During COVID-19 Outbreak. World Health Organization, (January), 1–6. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/muled/Downloads/COVID references/Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the.pdf

Wibowo, S. (2020). Determinan Kinerja Dosen Pada Pengajaran Metode Daring Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Dengan Faktor Stres Sebagai Pemediasi. Journal of Business & Applied Management, 13(2), 131–146. Retrieved from https://journal.ubm.ac.id/index.php/business-applied-management/article/view/2227

Wibowo, S. A. (2017). PENGARUH QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI KECAMATAN DI KABUPATEN KULONPROGO D.I YOGYAKARTA. Jurnal Bisnis Teori Dan Implementasi, Vol. 8 No. 1 : 84-96 Februari 2017, 8(1), 84–96.

Wicaksono, M. N., & Anggarini, I. M. (2018). FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STRES KERJA PADA PEKERJA DIVISI BUSINESS SOLUTION, SUPPORT DAN SERVICE DELIVERY PT ADMINISTRASI MEDIKA JAKARTA. 10(September), 161–172.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic : Numbers at a glance. Retrieved September 7, 2021, from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019

Yadav, M., Rangnekar, S., & Srivastava, A. P. (2019). Demographic variables as moderators between QWL and OCB. Industrial and Commercial Training, 51(7/8), 396–408. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-04-2018-0040

Yin, R. K. (2018). CASE STUDY RESEARCH and APPLICATIONS: Design and Methods (Sixth edit; K. DeRosa & G. Dickens, Eds.). Retrieved from http://usafiles.net/35NB

Yuhista, A., Ariana, N., & Arismayanti, N. K. (2017). Analisis pengaruh kualitas kehidupan kerja quality of work life ( qwl ) terhadap kinerja karyawan pada cottage di pantai tanjung setia pesisir barat lampung. 1(2).

Yundra, S. N. (2021). PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA INDIRECT LABOR KASUS DI PT TOYOTA MOTOR MANUFACTURING INDONESIA KARAWANG. Universitas Katolik Parahyangan.

Published

2025-01-17

Issue

Section

Articles