PORTRAITS IN INDONESIA: INTERNATIONAL REFUGEES FACE UNCERTAIN FUTURE (A STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25123/vej.v4i1.2920Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of refugees from an international law perspective. It is known that Indonesia is not a party to either the 151 Refugee Convention as well as the 1967 Protocol, but mostly as transit country house a number of refugees running away from conflict areas in Myanmar, the Middle East and Afghanistan. This legal research employs a juridical normative method. By tracking down and analyzing all relevant legal sources it is revealed that Indonesia’s treatment of refuges is based on the general obligation to protect and honor human rights (on the basis of international minimum standard). It is further recommended that Indonesia should actively support the global compact on refugees.
References
Books:
Achmad Romsan, et.al., Pengantar Hukum Pengungsi Internasional: Hukum Internasional dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Internasional, Bandung: Sanic Offset bekerjasama dengan UNHCR Jakarta, 2003.
Alexander Betts and Gil Loescher (Ed.), Refugee in International Relations, New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Bambang Sunggono, Metodologi Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2012.
Enny Soeprapto, Hak Asasi Manusia dan Pengungsi, Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2002.
Iin Karita Sakharina and Kadarudin, Pengantar Hukum Pengungsi Internasional, Perbedaan Istilah Pencari Suaka, Pengungsi Internasional, dan Pengungsi Dalam Negeri, Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2017.
Iin Karita Sakharina and Kadarudin, Hukum Pengungsi Internasional, Makassar: Pustaka Pena Press, 2016.
Matthew B. Miles and A Michael Huberman, Analisis Data Kualitatif, Buku Sumber Tentang Metode-Metode Baru, translated by Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi, Jakarta: UI-Press, 2009.
Michelle Foster, Protection Elsewhere: The Legal Implications of Requiring Refugees to seek Protection in Another State. Michigan Journal of International Law Volume 28, 2007.
Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2010.
Prakash Amritlal Shah, Refugees, Race and the Legal Concept of Asylum in Britain, London: Cavendish Publishing Limited, 2000.
Sir Elihu Lauterpacht & Daniel Bethlehem, The Scope and Content of the Principle of Non Refoulement, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 20 June 2001.
Soejono and Abdurrahman, Metode Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2003.
Soerjono Soekanto and Sri Mamudji, Penelitian Hukum Normatif, Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2011.
UNHCR, The 1951 Refugee Convention Questions & Answers, Jakarta: UNHCR Indonesia, 2007.
UNHCR, Pengenalan tentang Perlindungan Internasional, Melindungi Orang-Orang yang Menjadi Perhatian UNHCR, Jakarta: UNHCR Indonesia, 2005.
UNHCR, An Introduction to International Protection Protecting Persons of Concern to UNHCR, Self-Study Module 1, Geneva: UNHCR, 2005.
UNHCR, Melindungi Hak-Hak Orang-Orang Tanpa Kewarganegaraan, Konvensi 1954 tentang Status Orang-Orang Tanpa Kewarganegaraan, Jakarta: UNHCR, 2010.
Journals:
Iin Karita Sakharina, Pengungsi dan HAM. Jurnal Hukum Internasional Vol. I Nomor 2. Nopember 2013. Bagian Hukum Internasional Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar.
Iin Karita Sakharina, et.al., Local Government and Central Government Coordination with UNHCR in Order to Handle the Asylum Seeker and International Refugees in South Sulawesi (International Refugees Law Analysis), Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, Volume 67 (2017).
Jun Justinar, Prinsip Non Refoulement dan Penerapannya di Indonesia, Jurnal Hukum Internasional “Opini Juris” Volume III, September-Desember 2011, Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Hukum dan Perjanjian Internasional, Kementerian Luar Negeri RI.
Kadarudin, Penanganan Pemerintah Indonesia Terhadap Pengungsi Rohingya Menurut Konvensi 1951. Jurnal Hukum Internasional “Jurisdictionary” Vol. VI Nomor 1. Juni 2010.
Kadarudin, Keterkaitan Antara Stateless Persons, Pencari Suaka dan Pengungsi, Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Hukum “Gratia” Volume VIII Nomor 1 April 2012.
Kadarudin, Hubungan Indonesia dengan Prinsip Non-Refoulement dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional, Jurnal “Amanna Gappa” Volume 20 Nomor 2 Juni 2012. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar.
Sigit Riyanto, Prinsip Non Refoulement dan Relevansinya dalam Hukum Internasional, Jurnal Mimbar Hukum, Volume 22, Nomor 3, Oktober 2010.
Sukanda Husin, UNHCR dan Perlindungan Hak Azasi Manusia, Jurnal Hukum FH Universitas Andalas Nomor 7 Tahun V/1998.
Proceedings:
Iin Karita Sakharina, et.al., Keterlibatan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Menangani Pencari Suaka dan Pengungsi Internasional di Indonesia. Prosiding Pada Simposium Nasional Asosiasi Pengajar Hukum Internasional (APHI), dengan tema Hukum Internasional dalam Geopolitik Dunia Kontemporer: Perspektif dan Pengalaman Indonesia, Bukittinggi 7-8 September 2017, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Andalas.
Kadarudin and Husni Thamrin, Rohingya dan Tantangan Negosiasi UNHCR Terhadap Negara-Negara Utama Pemberi Suaka, Suatu Kajian Hukum Pengungsi Internasional. Prosiding Pada Simposium Nasional Asosiasi Pengajar Hukum Internasional (APHI), dengan tema Hukum Internasional dalam Geopolitik Dunia Kontemporer: Perspektif dan Pengalaman Indonesia, Bukittinggi 7-8 September 2017, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Andalas.
Legal Materials:
Statuta UNHCR
Internet Materials:
BBC Indonesia, Status Kependudukan Tidak Jelas, Pengungsi Rohingnya Demo, July 26, 2017 Edition, see https://www.cnnindonesia.com/tv/20170726235924-412230591/status-kependudukan-tidak-jelas-pengungsi-rohingnya-demo/ accessed on March 30, 2018
CNN, UNHCR: Jumlah Pengungsi di Indonesia Meningkat, see https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20150728204221-20-68699/unhcr-jumlah-pengungsi-di-indonesia-meningkat/ accessed on January 26, 2018
Febi Yonesta when interviewed by tirto.id, Kebijakan Trump Soal Pengungsi Membahayakan Indonesia, see https://tirto.id/kebijakan-trump-soal-pengungsi-membahayakan-indonesia-cqgx accessed on March 30, 2018
Harian Kompas, Dua Pengungsi Rohingya Berkelahi di Penampungan, April 24, 2016 Edition, see http://regional.kompas.com/read/2016/04/24/17104671/Dua.Pengungsi.Rohingya.Berkelahi.di.Penampungan accessed on March 30, 2018
Hukum Online, Ada Masalah Regulasi Penanganan Pengungsi di Indonesia, see http://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt597853eb3280a/ada-masalah-regulasi-penanganan-pengungsi-di-indonesia accessed on March 30, 2018
Jawa Pos, Pengungsi Afghanistan dan Sudan di Makassar Bentrok, September 11, 2015 Edition, see http://www.jawapos.com/read/2015/09/11/3470/pengungsi-afghanistan-dan-sudan-di-makassar-bentrok accessed on March 30, 2018
Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia, Indonesia Desak Masyarakat Internasional Atasi Akar Masalah Arus Pengungsi, see https://www.kemlu.go.id/id/berita/berita-perwakilan/Pages/Indonesia-Desak-Masyarakat-Internasional-Atasi-Akar-Masalah-Arus-Pengungsi.aspx accessed on March 30, 2018
Kompas, UNHCR Ingin Negosiasikan Rohingya dengan AS, Kanada, dan Eropa, see http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2017/02/17/06304521/unhcr.ingin.negosiasikan.rohingya.dengan.as.kanada.dan.eropa accessed on March 30, 2018
Kompas, Pengungsi Myanmar Baku Bunuh di Medan, 8 Tewas, April 5, 2013 Edition, see http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2013/04/05/13581150/Pengungsi.Myanmar.Baku.Bunuh.di.Medan.8.Tewas accessed on March 30, 2018
Liputan 6, Pengungsi Rohingya Ketahuan Simpan Senjata Tajam, April 5, 2017 Edition, see https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/2910282/pengungsi-rohingya-ketahuan-simpan-senjata-tajam accessed on March 30, 2018
Sejarah UNHCR at http://www.unhcr.org/id/sejarah-unhcr accessed on March 30, 2018
Suaka: Indonesian Civil Society Network for Refugee Rights Protection, Masalah Pelindungan, see https://suaka.or.id/public-awareness/id-masalah-perlindungan/ accessed on March 30, 2018
UNHCR di Indonesia, see http://www.unhcr.org/id/unhcr-di-indonesia accessed on March 30, 2018
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
The Journal allow the author(s) to hold the copyright and to retian publishing rights without restrictions.