Pengaruh Atribut Nasional terhadap Kebijakan Cina Bersengketa dengan Jepang di Kepulauan Diaoyu/Senkaku

Authors

  • Christoforus Karang Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
  • Adam Abil Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
  • Maria Sharon Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
  • Ananda Pratama Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
  • Rafaela Gracia Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i2.6502.177-192

Abstract

The dispute between China and Japan over administrative control of Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands raises a question about the intention of China with its confrontative foreign policy. China's foreign policy is often difficult to understand clearly largely because of its ambiguity in determining the appropriate instruments to fight for its interests. China's foreign policy in regards to its dispute with Japan over Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands should not have been implemented because of China's membership and ratification of UNCLOS back in 1996. By using the qualitative method along with the National Attribute theory by Valerie Hudson, it was found that China's confrontative foreign policy was based of the fact that China has an advantage on the aspects of its national attribute, mainly on its natural resources, economic and military capabilities.

Keywords: Diaoyu; Senkaku; Cina; Jepang; Atribut Nasional

References

Adnyana, Kadek T. S., Dewa G. S. Mangku, dan Ratna A. Windari. “Penyelesaian Sengketa Kepulauan Senkaku antara China dan Jepang dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional.” Jurnal Yustisia 1, no. 1 (2018): 99-110, https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jatayu/article/view/28669.

BBC. “How Uninhabited Islands Soured China-Japan Ties.” Diakses pada 25 November 2022, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-11341139.

Beckley, Michael. "Economic development and military effectiveness." The Journal of Strategic Studies 33, no. 1 (2010): 43-79.

Cuilik, Meredith. “Effects of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Island Dispute on Sino-Japanese Economic Relations.” BA thesis, University of Mississippi, 2017.

“Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East Committee for Co-Ordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in Asian Offshore Areas.” Technical Bulletin vol 3 (1970): 95-97. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/146495?ln=en.

Fravel, M. Taylor. "China's Assertiveness in the Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands Dispute." MIT Political Science Department Research Paper no. 16-19 (2016): 1-19. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2788165.

Funaiole, Matthew P., and Brian Hart, “Understanding China's 2021 Defense Budget,” Understanding China's 2021 Defense Budget | Center for Strategic and International Studies, November 30, 2022, https://www.csis.org/analysis/understanding-chinas-2021-defense-budget.

“GDP (Current US$) - China,” Data, accessed December 5, 2022, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=CN.

Hudson, Valerie M, and Benjamin S Day. Foreign Policy Analysis: Classic and Contemporary Theory. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. 2019.

Hinge, Alan, Australian Defence Preparedness: Principles, Problems and Prospects : Introducing Repertoire of Missions (ROMINS) a Practical Path to Australian Defence Preparedness, Australian Defence Studies Centre, Canberra, 2000.

Kodera, Atsushi. “Tourism emerges as new economic driver for Japan.” Japan Times. Diakses pada 5 Desember 2022, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/08/25/reference/tourism-emerges-new-economic-driver-japan/.

Koo, Min Gyo. “The Senkaku/Diaoyu Dispute and Sino-Japanese Political-Economic Relations: Cold Politics and Hot Economics?”. The Pacific Review, 22:2, 205-232. DOI: 10.1080/09512740902815342.

“Law on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf of the People’s Republic of China.” ILO. Diakses pada 5 Desember 2022. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/92660/108053/F-2106185583/CHN92660%20Eng.pdf.

“Law on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone of 25 February 1992.” UN. Diakses pada 5 Desember 2022. https://www.un.org/depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/CHN_1992_Law.pdf.

Letter Dated 95/04/06 from the Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations Addressed to the Secretary-General (New York: UN, 1995).

Ma, Xinmin. “China and the UNCLOS: Practices and Policies.” The Chinese Journal of Global Governance 5 (2019): 1-20. doi:10.1163/23525207-12340036.

Manicom, James. Bridging Troubled Waters: China, Japan, and Maritime Order in the East China Sea. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 2014.

McGerty, Fennela, and Tom Waldwyn. “Japan's Defence Budget Break-Out.” IISS, 2022. https://www.iiss.org/blogs/military-balance/2022/06/japans-defence-budget-break-out.

Office of the Secretary of Defense, 2022 Report on Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China § (2022).

Patalano, Alessio. "A Gathering Storm? The Chinese 'Attrition Strategy for the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands." RUSI Newsbrief 21 (2020): 21.

Pan, Junwu. Toward a New Framework for Peaceful Settlement of China’s Territorial and Boundary Dispute. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 2009. 140.

Rahmanto, Anugerah H. “Sengketa Kepulauan Senkaku antara Cina dan Jepang (1998-2013).” Jurnal Analisis Hubungan Internasional 3, no. 1 (2014): 67-83. http://journal.unair.ac.id/downloadfull/JAHI7190-a7064de4cffullabstract.pdf.

Reilly, James. “A Wave to Worry About? Public opinion, foreign policy and China's anti-Japan protests”, Journal of Contemporary China Vol.23 Issue 86, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2013.832519.

Richardson, Neil R, and Charles W Kegley. “Trade Dependence and Foreign Policy Compliance.” A Longitudinal Analysis, June 1980.

SIPRI Yearbook 2022: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (New York: Oxford University Press, 2022), 364-367.

South China Morning Post, Timeline: the Diaoyu-Senkaku Islands dispute. Diakses pada 5 Desember 2022, https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1039204/timeline-diaoyu-senkaku-islands-dispute?module=perpetual_scroll_0&pgtype=article&campaign=1039204.

Tah, LSL., et. al.. “Status, Trends, and the Future of Fisheries in the East and South China Seas.” Fisheries Centre Research Reports 27, no. 1 (2019): 2-101. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334331326_Status_Trends_and_the_Future_of_Fisheries_in_the_East_and_South_China_Seas.

Thomas Poufinas and Victoria Pistikou, “The Myth of the Positive Impact of Asymmetric Economic Interdependence on National Security. The Case of Ohe Sino-Japanese Conflict”, EBEEC Conference Proceedings, The Economies of Balkan and Eastern Europe Countries in the Changed World, KnE Social Sciences, pages 142-159. DOI 10.18502/kss.v1i2.653.

“Trading Economics, Japan Imports from China.” Trading Economics. Diakses pada 5 Desember 2022. https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/imports/china.

“Trading Economics, China Imports from Japan.” Diakses pada 5 Desember 2022. https://tradingeconomics.com/china/imports/japan.

Tseng, Hui-Yi Katherine. Lessons from the Disturbed Waters: the Diaoyu/Diaoyutai/Senkaku Islands Disputes. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2015. 31-32.

“2021 China’s Fishery Report.” United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service. diakses pada 26 November 2022. https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=2021%20China%27s%20Fishery%20Report_Beijing_China%20-%20People%27s%20Republic%20of_12-17-2021.

“What Does China Really Spend on Its Military?” ChinaPower Project, June 29, 2022. https://chinapower.csis.org/military-spending/.

Published

2024-03-18