Menavigasi Eksploitasi: Keamanan Manusia dalam Rantai Pasok Budi Daya Udang di Asia Tenggara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v6i2.9445.1-18Keywords:
Keamanan Manusia, Global Value Chain, Vietnam, Thailand, Industri UdangAbstract
This study examines labor exploitation in shrimp farming supply chains in Southeast Asia. This study attempts to address this phenomenon by using human security theory to analyze global value chains. Southeast Asia has developed into one of the major shrimp producing regions and exports its shrimp to various developed countries, especially the European Union and the United States. This research uses qualitative methods through the study of secondary data, such as research reports, journal articles, and news. The findings of this research show how workers in the production stage experience economic, food, environmental, health and personal vulnerabilities and threats in Vietnam and Thailand. This is exacerbated by the GVC architecture that pressures developing countries to suppress their workers so that they can take a larger profit margin. This study finds that shrimp GVCs have created a systematic and interconnected system of multidimensional exploitation by targeting workers at the production level for corporate profits in the global market.
ABSTRAK
Studi ini mengkaji eksploitasi tenaga kerja dalam rantai pasok budi daya udang di Asia Tenggara. Studi ini mencoba membahas fenomena tersebut dengan menggunakan teori keamanan manusia dalam menganalisis global value chain. Asia Tenggara telah berkembang menjadi salah satu kawasan produsen utama udang dan mengekspor udangnya ke berbagai negara maju, terutama Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui studi data sekunder, seperti laporan penelitian, artikel jurnal, dan berita. Temuan dari riset ini menunjukan bagaimana tenaga kerja di tahap produksi mengalami ancaman dan kerentanan ekonomi, pangan, lingkungan, kesehatan, dan kerentanan personal di Vietnam dan Thailand. Hal tersebut diperparah dengan arsitektur GVC yang menekan negara-negara berkembang untuk menekan pekerjanya sehingga dapat mengambil margin keuntungan lebih besar. Studi ini menemukan bahwa GVC udang telah menciptakan sistem eksploitasi multidimensi yang sistematis dan saling terkait dengan menargetkan pekerja di tingkat produksi demi keuntungan perusahaan di pasar global.
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