Memahami Investasi Minyak Cina di Sudan: Analisis Interaksi Strategis Cina pada Situasi Konflik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v13i2.2277.119-133Abstract
Abstrak
Perkembangan pesat perekonomian Cina khususnya dalam dua dekade terakhir mendorong tingginya ketergantungan Cina akan impor minyak bumi melebihi kapasitas produksi domestiknya. Cina untuk pertama kalinya melewati Amerika Serikat sebagai importir minyak terbesar di dunia pada tahun 2015 dengan kawasan Afrika khususnya negara-negara ‘bermasalah’ seperti Sudan menjadi tujuannya. Investasi berbasis minyak Cina di Sudan kemudian menjadi perhatian dunia internasional karena kebijakan non-interferensi Cina dianggap tidak memedulikan permasalahan domestik Sudan. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menjelaskan bagaimana investasi berbasis minyak Cina di Sudan dengan fokus analisis terhadap interaksi strategis antar negara yaitu Cina dengan Sudan yang dilanda konflik dengan menggunakan tiga variabel analisis yaitu kepentingan negara, spesifikasi setting strategis, dan perhatian terhadap faktor ketidakpastian. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa kebutuhan minyak sebagai penggerak pertumbuhan ekonomi Cina merupakan kepentingan krusial sehingga menjadi prioritas yang dijalankan oleh SOEs Cina sebagai instrumen strategis berdasarkan kebijakan “China First” yang permisif terhadap isu domestik.
Kata Kunci: investasi minyak; politik luar negeri cina; konflik sudan; ekonomi politik internasional
Abstract
The rapid economic development of PRC especially during the last two decades has prompted its dependence on oil imports exceeding its domestic production. China for the first time exceeded US as the biggest oil importer in 2015 with Africa particularly ‘troubled’ countries such as Sudan as its destination. China’s oil-based investment in Sudan later becomes international concern since China’s non-interference policy was perceived as ignoring Sudan’s domestic problems. This research attempts to explain China’s oil-based investment in Sudan with focus of analysis on China’s strategic interaction with conflict-troubled Sudan using three analytical variables: the identification of state interest, the specification of strategic setting, and the attention to the role of uncertainty. Analysis result shows that China’s need for oil to secure its economic growth is China’s vital interest as being prioritized by its SOEs as China’s strategic instrument based on ‘China First’ policy that is permissive towards Sudan’s domestic issue.
Keywords: oil investment; china’s foreign policy; sudan conflict; IPE
References
African Watch Committee. (1990). Denying "The Honor of Living": Sudan: A Human Rights Disaster. New York: African Watch.
Frieden, J., & Martin, L. L. (2001). International Political Economy: Global and Domestic Interactions. In I. Katznelson, & H. Miller, Political Science: The State of Discipline (pp. 118-146). Boston: W. W. Norton & Company.
Guarak, M. A. (2011). Integration and Fragmentation of the Sudan: An African Renaissance. Bloomington: Authorhouse.
Maglad, N. E. (2008). Scoping Study on CHinese Relations with Sudan. “Impact of China and India on Sub-Saharan Africa: Scoping Studies onChina-Africa Economic Relations” (pp. 1-29). Dar es Salaam: AERC.
Spero, J. E., & Hart, J. A. (1977). The Politics of International Economic Relations (7th ed.). Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.
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