North Korea and Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Lesson Learned and opportunities from North Korea Involvement in NAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v11i2.2538.%25pAbstract
Many experts still believe that engagement would be the answer towards the recent situation in Korean peninsula. Up to now, few contacts which have taken place can hardly be called as negotiations. Looking at the situation, a new player could be added into the negotiation process to solve North Korea’s nuclear crisis. The new player should be free of interest, reliable, and has a strong connection with North Korea. It is already over 40 years since North Korea was accepted as full-fledged member and North Korea has gained immeasurably by joining Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Thus NAM is probably one of the most promising exit strategies for North Korea nuclear crisis, the engagement that could provide coalition for punishment tomorrow. The movement could be an opportunity for North Korean nuclear problem, since it has long history with North Korea, freer from superpower interest, and provide a lot of benefits to North Korean regime.References
Armstrong, Charles K. “Juche and North Korea’s Global Aspirations.” In The North Korea International Documentation Project Working Paper Series, ed. Christian F. Ostermann. Washington DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Accessed on 11 March 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/NKIDP_WP_1.pdf.
Bailey, K.C.. “North Korea: Enough Carrots, time for the stick.” Comparative Strategy 13, no. 3 (1994): 277-282.
“Bali Commemorative Declaration on the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement,” accessed on 9 March 2012, http://www.kemlu.go.id/Documents/GNB%20ke-16/NAMDOC7-Rev1-Bali%20Commemorative%20Declaration-English-Final.pdf.
Bleiker, Roland. “A Rogue is a rogue is a rouge: US foreign Policy and the Korean nuclear crisis.” International Affairs 79, no. 4 (2003): 719-737.
Buzan, B. “The English School: An Underexploited Resource in IR.” Review of International Studies 27 (2001): 471-488.
Cha, Victor D. “Hawk Engagement and Preventive Defense on the Korean Peninsula.” International Security 27, no. 1 (2002): 40-78.
Cha Victor D., and David D. Kang. Nuclear North Korea. A Debate On Engagement Strategies. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003.
Hale, Cristopher. “Multifunctional Juche: A Study of the Changing Dynamic between Juche and the State Constitution in North Korea.” Korea Journal 42, no. 3 (Autumn 2002): 283-308.
“History and Evolution of Non-Aligned Movement,” Ministry of External Affairs. Government of India. Accessed on 14 August 2015 March 2012, http://mea.gov.in/in-focus-article.htm?20349/History+and+Evolution+of+NonAligned+Movement.
“Iran meets North Korea, Syria in Bali.” Jakarta Post May 27, 2011, accessed March 4, 2012 http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/05/27/iran-meets-north-korea-syria-bali.html.
“Juche.” Religion Resources Online, accessed on 11 March 2012, http://www.religionresourcesonline.org/different-types-of-religion/juche.php
Kang, David C. “International Relations Theory and The Second Korean War.” International Studies Quarterly 47 (2003): 301-324.
Kang, David C.. “Rethinking North Korea.” Asian Survey 35, no. 3 (March 1995): 253-267.
Kim, Sung Chull and David C. Kang. “Engagement as a Viable Alternative to Coercion.” In Engagement With North Korea. A Viable Alternative, eds. Sung Chull Kim and David C. Kang. New York: State University of New York Press. 2009.
Kin, Lai Kwon "Yugoslavia casts shadow over non-aligned summit". The Independent September 2, 1992. Accessed on 18 July 2015, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/yugoslavia-casts-shadow-over-nonaligned-summit-1548802.html.
Krishnan, R. R. . “North Korea and the Non-Aligned Movement.” International Studies 20 (1981): 299-313. Accessed on 21 July 2015, doi: 10.1177/002088178102000123.
Mearsheimer, John J. “Structural Realism” in Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki, Steave Smith, International Relations Theories, second ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
“NAM summit: India says no to foreign intervention in Syria.” Hindustantimes, August 30, 2012. Accessed August 24, 2015 http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/nam-summit-india-says-no-to-foreign-intervention-in-syria/article1-922067.aspx.
“Neutralism - Defining cold war neutralism.” Accessed on 18 July 2015, http://www.americanforeignrelations.com/E-N/Neutralism-Defining-cold-war-neutralism.html.
“Non-Aligned Movement struggles for relevancy in post-Cold War world.” Deutsche Welle. Accessed on 31 August 2015. http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,4475706,00.html?maca=en-en_nr-1893-xml-atom
“North Korea Nuclear Timeline Fast Facts.” CNN, May 22 2015. Accessed on July 18 2015, http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/29/world/asia/north-korea-nuclear-timeline---fast-facts/.
Ogilvie-White, Tanya. “International Responses to Iranian Nuclear Defiance: The Non-Aligned Movement and the Issue of Non-Compliance.” The European Journal of International Law 18, no. 3: 453-476, accessed on 18 July 2015, doi: 10.1093/ejil/chm027.
Park, John S. “Inside multilateralism: The six‐‐party talks.” The Washington Quarterly 28, no. 4 (2005): 73-91.
Potter, William and Gaukhar Mukhatzhanova. “Nuclear Politics and the Non-Aligned Movement.” Adelphi Series 51, no. 427 (2011): 1-191.
“Profile: Non-Aligned Movement.” BBC August 7, 2009, accessed on 21 July 2015, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/2798187.stm#leaders.
Saxby, Josh. “After the Chenoan: Engagement or Containment? What is the most effective approach for the United States Foreign Policy when considering North Korea’s nuclear ambitions?” Polis Journal 6 (Winter 2011): 1-36. Accessed on 8 March 2012. http://www.polis.leeds.ac.uk/assets/files/students/student-journal/ug-winter-11/josh-saxby.pdf
Singham, A. W. and Shirley Hune. Non-alignment in an Age of Alignments. London: Zed Books Ltd., 1986.
Smith, Hazel. “Bad, mad, or rational actor? Why the ‘securitization’ paradigm makes for poor policy analysis of north Korea.” International Affairs 76, no. 3 (2000), 593-617.
Strydom, Hennie. “The Non-Aligned Movement and the Reform of International Relations.” Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law 11 (2007): 1-46.
“The Non-Aligned Movement: Background Information.” Accessed on 21 July 2015, http://www.nam.gov.za/background/background.htm.
“The Non-Aligned Movement: Description and History.” Accessed on 21 July 2012, http://www.nam.gov.za/background/history.htm.
“The Non-Aligned Movement. Not dead yet. A ghostly relic marks its birth in a vanished country.” The Economist, September 10 2011. Accessed on 21 July 2015, http://www.economist.com/node/21528599.
“The Six-Party Talks on North Korea’s Nuclear Program.” Council on Foreign Relations. Accessed on 18 July 2015 http://www.cfr.org/proliferation/six-party-talks-north-koreas-nuclear-program/p13593.
“14th Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement.” Accessed on 1 August 2015, http://cns.miis.edu/nam/documents/Official_Document/14NAMSummit-Havana-Compiled.pdf
“16th NAM ministerial meeting ends in Bali.” China Daily May 5, 2011. Accessed on 31 August 2015, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2011-05/27/content_12594010.htm
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This journal uses Creative Commons license (CC BY). We allow readers to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of its articles and allow readers to use them for any other lawful purpose. The author must be aware that the article copyrights will be fully transferred to Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional only if the article is accepted to be published in the journal through signing of the Copyrights Transfer Agreement. Authors are allowed to resend their manuscript to another journal or intentionally withdraw the manuscript only if both parties (JIHI and Authors) have agreed on the related issue. Once the manuscript has been published, authors are allowed to use their published article under Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional copyrights.
