Implementasi CEDAW tentang Penghapusan Diskriminasi Perempuan : Studi Kasus Pemilu di Indonesia Tahun 2009 dan 2014
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v13i1.2669.1-15Abstract
United Nations as international organization issued an international convention to eliminate discrimination towards women, called CEDAW (Convention on Elimination of All Form of Discrimination Against Women). As the one of the nation that ratified the convention, Indonesia, adopted CEDAW articles that becomes UU RI No. 7 Tahun 1984. Indonesia agreed to prevent further discrimination towards women and implement all the policies written on those article. Unfortunately, the success and implementation of CEDAW is still doubtful, especially in political realm. The number of women political participation never reached 30% according to the affirmative action that is stated in Indonesian Constitution. The 2009 and 2014 general election showed that women’s representation in parliament in still low and not having significant change. The success of CEDAW can be seen from women’s political participation, measured by international indicator called GEM (Gender Empowerment Measure). GEM is used to measure shift and effectiveness of the implementation of CEDAW Convention in Indonesia, especially in political participation. This article concluded that CEDAW International Convention in political participation is not effective yet, considering the number of women in parliament not balanced with ratio of women citizen in Indonesia.
References
Buku
Arif, Bustanul. Partisipasi Politik Perempuan Dalam Proses Pembuatan Kebijakan Publik di Daerah Jawa Timur. Jawa Timur : Yayasan Cakrawala Timur.
Asosiasi Perempuan Indonesia untuk Keadilan. Pelaksanaan Konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan. APIK.
CEDAW Working Initiative (CWGI). Laporan Independen NGO: Implementasi Konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan (CEDAW) di Indonesia, 2007.
Wahid, Umaimah. Risalah Politik Perempuan. Tangerang : Empat Pena Publishing, 2014.
Jurnal
Klasen, Stephen and Schuler, Dana. “Reforming The Gender–Related Development Index and The Gender Empowerment Measure: Implementing Some Spesific Proposals”. Feminist Economics 17(1) hlm. 1–30, 2011.
Website
Ardiansyah, Rahmad. “Pemilihan Umum 1955”. Diakses 12 November 2016 pada pukul 03.33 WIB. http://www.idsejarah.net/2014/11/pemilihan-umum-1955.html
Bride Development. “Gender Indicators : What, Why and How?”. Diakses 14 November 2016 pada pukul 11.44 WIB. http://www.oecd.org/dac/gender-development/43041409.pdf
Feminist Economics. “Reforming The Gender–Related Development Index and The Gender Empowerment Measure: Implementing Some Spesific Proposals”. Diakses 13 November 2016 pada pukul 03.19 WIB. http://www.ccee.edu.uy/ensenian/catgenyeco/Materiales/2011-08-10%20M6%20-%20KlasenShuler(2011).pdf
Indonesia–Investments. “Penduduk Indonesia”. Diakses 13 September 2016 pada pukul 17.27 WIB. http://www.indonesia-investments.com/id/budaya/penduduk/item67
Ismail, Maimunah, Roziah Mohd Rasdi dan Akhmal Nadirah. “Gender Empowerment Measures in Developed and Developing Countries: Evidence and Implication for Human Resource Development”. Diakses 15 November 2016 pada pukul 02.48 WIB. http://www.ufhrd.co.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/7_2.pdf
Komisi Pemilihan Umum. “Buku Data dan Infografik : Pemilu Anggota DPR RI & DPD RI 2014”. Diakses 12 November 2016 pada pukul 18.28 WIB. http://www.kpu.go.id/koleksigambar/Buku_Pemilu_2014_Dalam_Angka_ACC_Upload.pdf
Komisi Pemilihan Umum. “Laporan Pencalonan DPR, DPD dan DPRD 2014”. Diakses 14 November 2016 pada pukul 11.36 WIB. http://www.kpu.go.id/koleksigambar/03._laporan_pencalonan_pileg_.pdf
KPU Indonesia. “Money Politik dan Implikasinya Terhadap Partisipasi Masyarakat Kabupaten Cirebon pada Pemilu Legislatif 2014”. Diakses 12 November 2016 pada pukul 20.45 WIB. http://www.kpu.go.id/koleksigambar/Money_Politik_dan_Implikasinya_thd_Partisipasi_Masyarakat_Cirebon.pdf
“Jumlah Penduduk Indonesia Sudah 254,9 Juta, Laki–laki Lebih Banyak Dari Perempuan”. Diakses 13 November 2016 pada pukul 03.01 WIB. http://www.hidayatullah.com/berita/nasional/read/2015/11/20/83632/jumlah-pendududari-perempuan.html
Mulyono, Ignatius. “Strategi Meningkatkan Keterwakilan Perempuan”. Diakses 4 Desember 2016 pada pukul 08.49 WIB. http://www.dpr.go.id/dokakd/dokumen/makalah_STRATEGI_MENINGKATKAN_KETERWAKILAN_PEREMPUAN__Oleh-_Ignatius_Mulyono.pdf
Sudiarti, Achie. “Pengujian UU Republik Indonesia dan Instrumen HAM Internasional Konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Wanita Disahkan Dengan UU Republik Indonesia No. 7 Tahun 1984”. Diakses 3 Desember 2016 pada pukul 12.12 WIB. https://www.k4health.org/sites/default/files/CEDAW_document.pdf
United Nations. “About UN : Overview”. Diakses 29 Maret 2016 pada pukul 19.08 WIB. http://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/overview/index.html
United Nations. “Ending Violence Against Women and Girls : Overview”. Diakses 29 Maret 2016 pada pukul 19.26 WIB. http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/briefingpapers/endviol/index.shtml
UN Women. ”Konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi terhadap Perempuan (CEDAW)”. Diakses 29 Maret 2016 pada pukul 19.29 WIB. http://www.unwomen-eseasia.org/projects/Cedaw/docs/KonvensiCEDAWtextBahasa.pdf
UN Women. “Women in Power and Decision–Making”. Diakses 20 Desember 2016 pada pukul 10.55 WIB. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/followup/session/presskit/fs7.htm
UN Women Asia and the Pacific. “CEDAW and Human Rights: Indonesia”. Diakses 16 Oktober 2016 pada pukul 19.29 WIB. http://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/focus-areas/cedaw-human-rights/indonesia
“Undang–Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 Tentang Pengesahan Konvensi mengenai Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan (Convention on Elimination of All Form of Discrimination Against Women)”. Diakses diakses 29 Maret 2016 pada pukul 20.06 WIB. http://www.kemenpppa.go.id/jdih/peraturan/UU_1984_7.pdf
Valentina, R. “Apa Sesungguhnya Substansi Kuota 30%”. Diakses 3 Desember 2016 pada pukul 08.45 WIB. http://www.institutperempuan.or.id/?p=17
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This journal uses Creative Commons license (CC BY). We allow readers to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of its articles and allow readers to use them for any other lawful purpose. The author must be aware that the article copyrights will be fully transferred to Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional only if the article is accepted to be published in the journal through signing of the Copyrights Transfer Agreement. Authors are allowed to resend their manuscript to another journal or intentionally withdraw the manuscript only if both parties (JIHI and Authors) have agreed on the related issue. Once the manuscript has been published, authors are allowed to use their published article under Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional copyrights.