MISKLASIFIKASI HUBUNGAN KERJA PENGEMUDI OJEK ONLINE (PLATFORM WORKER) DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25123/vej.v10i1.7722Kata Kunci:
employment relationship; partnership agreement; online riders; platform workerAbstrak
Technological developments through digital platforms have created a new work ecosystem, allowing platform workers, such as online motorcycle drivers in Indonesia, to affiliate with various companies to provide transportation services. However, despite these advances, online riders have not received adequate rights protection as ‘workers’ because their status is limited to ‘partners’ (independent contractors) under the Partnership Agreement they sign. This article uses a normative approach to examine how legal developments in Indonesia can classify and protect online riders as workers under employment laws. A comparative approach is employed, referencing policies in Europe, particularly Spain and the European Union, which have been more progressive in interpreting employment relationships for platform workers. The research finds that legal reforms in Indonesia still inadequately protect online riders’ labor rights due to narrow interpretations of employment relationships that fail to keep pace with current developments.
Referensi
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European Comission, Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Improving Working Conditions in Platform Work, Explanatory Memorandum, Brussels, December 2021.
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Legislasi dan Putusan:
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.
Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketengakerjaan, yang terakhir kali diamandemen berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 Tentang Cipta Kerja Menjadi Undang-Undang.
Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 12 Tahun 2019 tentang Perlindungan Keselamatan Pengguna Sepeda Motor yang Digunakan untuk Kepentingan Masyarakat.
Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 841K/Pdt.Sus/2009 tertanggal 12 April 2010.
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No.41/PUU-XVI/2018 tertanggal 28 Juni 2018.
Spanish Law 20/2007 on Statute of The Autonomous Work.
Spanish Royal Decree Law 9/2021 on Riders Law.
Spanish Supreme Court, Ruling Resolution 805/2020, Glovo vs Juan Molins Garcia-Atance, Proceeding number: 4746/2019, Madrid: 25 September 2020. Accessible from: https://www.ilawnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/STS_2924_2020-en.pdf.
European Union Proposed Directive on Working Conditions in Platform Work
European Court of Justice. Case C-434/15, Asociación Profesional Élite Taxi v Uber Systems Spain SL, ECLI:EU:C:2017:981. Accessible from: https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-434/15.
Situs Daring:
https://www.gojek.com/en-id/app/kilat-contract
https://www.grab.com/id/terms-policies/transport-delivery-logistics/
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